How to tap tempo (and when it lies)
To tap tempo, hit the tap button on every beat (usually the kick or snare quarter notes) for at least 16 beats, and read the BPM. The tool divides 60 by the average gap between taps in seconds, so the more taps you give it, the less any one late tap matters. Then check the result isn't half or double the real tempo, and confirm it by playing a metronome at that BPM against the track.
What does tap tempo actually measure?
Every time you tap, the tool notes the time. The BPM it shows is 60 divided by the average gap between your taps in seconds. Tap every half second and you get 120. Tap every 0.75 seconds and you get 80.
A neat detail about that average: if the tool uses all your taps, it only really depends on your first tap and your last one. The gaps in between cancel out. That's why a long run of taps is so much more accurate than a short one, even if you're a bit sloppy in the middle.
How to tap tempo accurately
- Listen for a bar or two before you start. Find the pulse you'd nod your head to.
- Tap on the kick and snare quarter notes, not the hi-hats. Hats are often eighths or sixteenths, which gives you double or quadruple the tempo.
- Tap for at least 16 beats, ideally 32. Four bars is the bare minimum.
- Watch the number settle. If it's still moving by more than a point after 16 taps, something's off (see the list below).
- Reset and do it again. Two runs that agree within half a BPM are good enough for most jobs.
I tap with a finger rather than a mouse click. It sounds silly, but a mouse button has more travel and I find I'm slightly late with it.
How many taps do you need?
Here's the effect of one small mistake: your final tap landing 20 ms late, which is easy to do. The numbers below are what the tool would show for each true tempo and number of taps.
| True BPM | 4 taps | 8 taps | 16 taps | 32 taps |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90 | 89.11 | 89.62 | 89.82 | 89.91 |
| 120 | 118.42 | 119.32 | 119.68 | 119.85 |
| 140 | 137.86 | 139.07 | 139.57 | 139.79 |
| 170 | 166.85 | 168.63 | 169.36 | 169.69 |
Four taps can be off by more than 3 BPM at fast tempos. By 32 taps the same slip costs you well under half a BPM. Faster songs need more taps because each gap is shorter, so the same 20 ms is a bigger share of it.
One catch: some tap tools only average the last handful of taps instead of all of them. They react faster if the tempo changes, but they never get more accurate than those few taps allow. If the number keeps jittering no matter how long you tap, that's probably why.
Where to find a tap tempo button
You probably already have one. Ableton Live and FL Studio both have a tap control near the tempo, and most other DAWs offer tap tempo as a button or key command. DJ software uses tap for fixing beat grids. Metronome apps nearly all have one, and there are plenty of free tap tempo pages in the browser. They all do the same arithmetic, so use whichever is closest.
When does tap tempo lie?
The maths is simple. Where it goes wrong is you, or the music. These are the ones I run into.
You tapped the wrong pulse
The most common one. Tap eighth-note hats on a 140 BPM trap beat and you get 280. Tap the snare backbeat on a boom bap loop and you'll get half the tempo. The number is correct for what you tapped; it just isn't the number the rest of the world uses. See why is my BPM half or double for how to decide which one to keep.
The music swings
If you drift onto the swung offbeats, your gaps alternate long and short. On a long run that averages out, but on a short run it pulls the reading around. Stick to the downbeats.
The tempo moves
A live band speeds up into a chorus. Tap tempo will happily average the verse and chorus together and give you a number that matches neither. If you need the chorus tempo, tap only the chorus.
You're anticipating
People tend to rush slightly on tracks they know well and on fast material. Closing your eyes helps. So does tapping a second run and comparing.
The feel is in three
Songs in 6/8 or 12/8 can be tapped on the dotted-quarter pulse or on every eighth note, and those give answers that differ by a factor of three. Decide which pulse you mean before you compare numbers with anyone.
How to check a tapped tempo
Set a metronome or your DAW click to the number you got and play it against the track for a minute. If the click stays locked to the kick, you're right. If it drifts ahead, your number is too high; drifting behind means it's too low. Nudge by a tenth at a time.
Alternatively, drop the file into the keyandbpm analyser. It gives a BPM with a confidence figure and draws a beat grid under the waveform, and you can press play to hear the track against the beat marks. If you don't have a tap button handy, there's a tap tempo tool here that works with a key or a click. I often use both: tap to get a feel for which pulse I care about, then let the analyser give me the decimal. If the analyser says 70 and I tapped 140, that's not a disagreement, just two readings of the same pulse at different levels.
When should you skip tap tempo?
If you're going to loop a sample, you want better than tap accuracy. A sample at 92.94 BPM set to 93 is only 0.06 off, but that's already about 107 ms of drift after 64 bars. Use a detector or line the sample up to your DAW grid instead (both covered in how to find the BPM of a song). For setting a delay time or getting a rough idea of a song's tempo, tapping is plenty; the delay conversion is in BPM to ms delay times.
Questions people ask
How many times should I tap for an accurate BPM?
At least 16 beats, and 32 if you can. A 20 ms slip on the last tap costs about 1.6 BPM at 120 with 4 taps but only about 0.15 BPM with 32.
Should I tap on the kick, the snare or the hi-hat?
Tap the quarter-note pulse, which usually means kick and snare together. Hi-hats often play eighths or sixteenths and will give you double or four times the tempo.
Why does my tap tempo keep changing?
Either you haven't tapped long enough, the tool only averages your last few taps, or the song's tempo is actually moving. Reset and tap a longer, steadier run to find out which.
Is tap tempo accurate enough for sampling?
Usually not on its own. Tapping gets you within a fraction of a BPM at best, and loops drift audibly with errors that small, so confirm with a detector or by lining the loop up to your DAW grid.